Continental drift is the slow movement of Earth's continents over geological time, driven by the shifting of tectonic plates. Originally proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, the theory suggested that continents were once part of a single supercontinent, Pangaea, which gradually broke apart. Evidence supporting continental drift includes the matching coastlines of South America and Africa, identical fossils found on distant continents, and geological similarities in rock formations. Climate clues, such as glacial deposits in Africa and coal beds in Antarctica, further support the idea that continents have shifted over time. The discovery of plate tectonics provided the mechanism for this movement, showing that Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere. Mantle convection, ridge push at mid-ocean ridges, and slab pull at subduction zones drive these movements, leading to the formation of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. Over Earth's history, continents have repeatedly merged into supercontinents like Columbia, Rodinia, and Pangaea, only to break apart again due to the constant motion of tectonic plates. As the continents drift, they influence climate patterns, ocean currents, and species evolution, shaping the biodiversity and environments of the planet. Modern GPS data confirm that continents continue to move at a rate of a few centimeters per year, with scientists predicting that a new supercontinent, Pangaea Proxima, will form in about 250 million years. Understanding continental drift is crucial for explaining Earth's geological history and predicting future changes in our planet's surface.